Saturday, 13 June 2026

David Görömbölyi*

Digital Diplomacy and Narrative Evolution in an Emerging Eurasian Connectivity Initiative

Full text PDF [EN]

Suggested citation:

Görömbölyi, D. (2026). Digital Diplomacy and Narrative Evolution in an Emerging Eurasian Connectivity Initiative. Lex Portus, 12(2), 40–52. https://doi.org/10.62821/lp12203

Published online: 29.05.2026

*Senior Lecturer, Budapest University of Economics and Business (Budapest, Hungary)

 

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how Web 2.0-driven digital diplomacy manifests itself within the emerging diplomatic ecosystem surrounding the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, a decentralized connectivity initiative linking Europe and Asia. Approaching the corridor through a constructivist framework complemented by strategic narrative theory and network diplomacy, the study explores whether broader transformations identified in contemporary digital diplomacy are also observable within this multi-actor connectivity structure. The analysis demonstrates that Web 2.0 tools have transformed the corridor into not only a logistical project, but also a digitally mediated arena of strategic communication, visibility-building, narrative competition, and decentralized coordination. The findings suggest that real-time interaction, digitally amplified strategic narratives, and new forms of horizontal accountability increasingly function as integral components of connectivity governance. At the same time, the paper highlights vulnerabilities linked to disinformation, cyber risks, and platform dependency. The study concludes that the corridor represents a particularly illustrative example of how contemporary diplomacy increasingly unfolds through intertwined online-offline communicative networks in the digital age.

Keywords: digitalization, Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, Web 2.0, network diplomacy, digital technologies, cyber risks, strategic communication.

 

REFERENCES

Adesina, O. S. (2017). Foreign policy in an era of digital diplomacy. Cogent Social Sciences, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2017.1297175

Aggestam, K., & Duncombe, C. (2024). Introduction: Advancing a New Research Agenda on Digital Disruption in Diplomacy. The Hague Journal of Diplomacy, 19(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1163/1871191x-bja10180

Allen, M., et al. (2024, April). Characteristics of X (Formerly Twitter) Community Notes Addressing Misinformation. JAMA, 331(19), 1670–1672. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2024.4800

Axar (2020, April 15). Ilham Aliyev had a video call with Georgian President. Axar. https://en.axar.az/news/politics/461162.html

Beltrán, P. (2021, November 17). Diplomacia digital. La oportunidad que los Estados no estaban esperando. Centro de Investigación de Asuntos Estratégicos Globales. https://ceinaseg.com/diplomacia-digital-la-oportunidad-que-los-estados-no-estaban-esperando/

Biró, D., & Vasa, L. (2024). Unveiling the strategic significance of the Middle Corridor in global trade and geopolitical dynamics. Economics: The Strategy and Practice, 19(2), 70–83.

Bjola, C., & Holmes, M. (2015). Digital Diplomacy: Theory and Practice. Routledge.

Bjola, C., & Pamment, J. (Eds.) (2018). Countering online propaganda and extremism: The dark side of digital diplomacy. Routledge.

Caspian Policy Center (CPC) (2026). Practical steps are being taken to enable each of the five Central Asian republics to participate in Trans-Caspian transport routes. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/posts/caspiancenter_practical-steps-are-being-taken-to-enable-activity-7445942204470149120-2PoT

CCTV Video News Agency (2024, July 03). Xi, Tokayev Attend Opening Ceremony for Trans-Caspian International Transport Route [Video].Youtube. https://youtu.be/nbZVBYmU9oU?si=A752DD6-zJ80iipB

Clarke, A., Lindquist, E.A., & Roy, J. (2017). Understanding governance in the digital era: An agenda for public administration research in Canada. Canadian Public Administration, 60(4), 457–475. https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12246

Dayoub, B., et al. (2024). The Role of Metaverse in Silk Road’s Tourism. International Review for Spatial Planning and Sustainable Development, 12(2), 63–78. https://doi.org/10.14246/irspsd.12.2_63

DRM News [@DRMNewsInternational] (2024, December 18). China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan Railway: A Strategic Milestone for Central Asia’s Development [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/@DRMNewsInternational

Erbas, I. (2022). Constructivist Approach in Foreign Policy and in International Relations. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(3), 5087–5096. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/2720/1746

Fukuyama, F., Richman, B., & Goel, A. (2021). How to save Democracy from Technology. Foreign Affairs, 100(1).

Görömbölyi, D. (2023). The effects of social media platforms on diplomatic activities. Nemzet és Biztonság, 1. https://doi.org/10.32576/nb.2022.1.6

Görömbölyi, D. (2026). The effects of Web 2.0 online tools on diplomatic activities [Doctoral dissertation, Corvinus University of Budapest].

Guliyev, V. (2022). Azerbaijan’s Efforts to Digitalize the Middle Corridor (Policy Brief No. 1). Institute for Development and Diplomacy. https://idd.az/media/old/2022/12/01/idd_policy_brief_-_guliyev_-_1_december.pdf

Hocking, B., & Melissen, J. (2015). Diplomacy in the digital age. Clingendael: Netherlands Institute of International Relations.

Kissinger, H. (2014). World Order. Penguin Press.

Manor, I., & Pamment, J. (2022). At a crossroads: Examining COVID-19’s impact on public and digital diplomacy. Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 18, 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021-00249-9

Mazumdar, B.T. (2024). Digital diplomacy: Internet-based public diplomacy activities or novel forms of public engagement? Place Branding and Public Diplomacy, 20, 24–43. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41254-021-00208-4

Middlecorridor (n.d.) Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/middlecorridor

Miskimmon, A. (2013). Strategic Narratives: Communication Power and the New World Order. Routledge.

Nurseiit, N. (2026). Attractiveness and Prospects of the Middle Corridor for Cargo Transportation Between Europe and Asia. Journal of Eurasian Studies, 17(1), 167–182. https://doi.org/10.1177/18793665251388115

Nye, J. (2010). Cyber Power. Harvard University, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/pantheon_files/files/publication/cyber-power.pdf

Pamment, J. (2015). Digital diplomacy as transmedia engagement: Aligning theories of participatory culture with international advocacy campaigns. New Media & Society, 18(9), 2046–2062. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815577792

Pamment, J. (2018). La diplomacia y la digitalización: un oficio en adaptación a las nuevas redes de poder. Revista Mexicana de Política Exterior, 113, 53–71. https://re.sre.gob.mx/rmpe/index.php/rmpe/article/view/234

Pidchosa, O. (2021). Eurasian Connectivity: New Routes to Improve Efficiency. Center for Eurasian and Central Asian Studies.

Rentschler, J., et al. (2025). The Trans-Caspian Corridor – Geopolitical implications and transport opportunities. Journal of Transport Geography, 125, 104211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104211

Sharifli, Y. (2024, November 24). From disinterest to strategic priority: China’s changing approach to the Middle Corridor. Trends Research & Advisory. https://trendsresearch.org/insight/from-disinterest-to-strategic-priority-chinas-changing-approach-to-the-middle-corridor/

Turkish MFA [@MFATurkiye] (2020, December 4). First export train from Turkey to China. X. https://x.com/MFATurkiye/status/1334856008217333765?s=20

Willers, J. O., & Gjesvik, L. (2026). Diplomacy in the age of expertise: the case of cyber diplomacy. International Affairs, 102(2), 513–534. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiaf271

World Bank Europe and Central Asia (2023, December 19). The #MiddleCorridor trade route. Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1FhB7dpkZ9/

Yusuf, A., et al. (2025). Identifying research gaps for cross-border cybersecurity conflict resolution tools: A systematic literature review on cyber diplomacy. Multidisciplinary Reviews, 9(6). 2026289. https://doi.org/10.31893/multirev.2026289

.

Editorial Board Address

Ukraine, Odesa, Fontanska Doroga, 23
Lex Portus Editorial Board

fb

info@lexportus.net.ua