П'ятниця, 29 березня 2024

Maksym Tsutskiridze*

Оleksandra Krasnikova**

Mykola Pohoretskyi***

Underwater Cultural Heritage: Regime and Jurisdiction Challenges

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Suggested citation:

Tsutskiridze, M., Krasnikova, O., & Pohoretskyi, M. (2022). Underwater Cultural Heritage: Regime and Jurisdiction Challenges. Lex Portus, 8(3), 58-81. https://doi.org/10.26886/2524-101X.8.3.2022.3

*Doctor of Law, Deputy Chief of the National Police (10, Akademika Bohomoltsia St., Kyiv, Ukraine)

**PhD in Law, Associate Professor, Department of Maritime Law, National University “Odessa Maritime Academy” (8, Didrikhsona St., Odessa, Ukraine)

***Doctor of Law, Professor, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (60, Volodymyrska St., Kyiv, Ukraine)

 

ABSTRACT

The present paper focuses on international and national aspects of a legal regime of underwater cultural heritage and highlights peculiarities of States’ jurisdiction towards discovered underwater archaeological values. Underwater cultural heritage legal regime correlates with regimes of maritime zones where objects in question are located or found. On these grounds, it is possible to distinguish the UCH regimes in (i) sovereign and jurisdictional areas and (ii) in the High Seas and the Area. The UCH regime in the first case is trifold, including rights of coastal States, other concern States, and flag states of government ships and aircraft. While on the High Seas or in the Area, such regime is subject to bilateral or multilateral arrangements. The effectiveness of enforcing said regime rules also depend upon possible territorial claims and contested jurisdiction. The issue becomes critical for maritime ‘gray zones’ or conventional armed conflicts at sea.

The keywords: underwater cultural heritage, regional cooperation, UNCLOS’82, 2001 UNESCO Convention, jurisdiction, legal regime, maritime spaces, Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Ukraine.

 

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